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CEPA and the Future of EU–Indonesia Cooperation
Relations between the European Union and Indonesia have deepened significantly in recent years. Negotiations for a free trade agreement, launched in 2016 following exploratory discussions, were successfully concluded on 23 September 2025. The parties reached an agreement on the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) alongside an Investment Protection Agreement, marking a significant milestone in the evolution of bilateral economic relations. These agreements aim to establish a broader institutional framework for trade and investment while strengthening the strategic partnership between the two economies.







