defense
Is the Post-American Middle East Beginning to Take Shape?
Unlike NATO, the Mecca Pact lacks an integrated command structure and joint military planning, raising doubts about its effectiveness as a deterrent.
Author
Uroosa Khan
writer · EUReflect
Contributing writer at EUReflect.
47 stories · page 1 of 2
politics
How the Pakistan–Saudi Arabia–Türkiye Defense Pact Could Redraw the Middle East's Strategic Map
The Pakistan–Saudi Arabia–Türkiye defense pact could reshape Middle East security by strengthening regional self-reliance. Yet nuclear ambiguity, divergent interests, US ties and the risk of wider conflict could challenge its ability to deliver lasting stability.
politics
The Makkah Agreement: Forging a Pan Islamic NATO Collective Security Framework
The Makkah Defence Agreement brings Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan together in a bid to strengthen regional security and strategic autonomy. Its success, however, will depend on whether the three states can build the institutional and operational structures needed for credible collective defence.
energy
Why Sustainable Growth Is the Future of Business
Long-term business success requires integrating environmental sustainability into strategy. Companies that embrace circular economy principles, green innovation, regenerative practices, and climate resilience will reduce risk, attract investment, strengthen competitiveness, and achieve sustainable economic growth.
politics
Why the U.S. Iran Truce Was Destined to Collapse?
The collapse of the US-Iran ceasefire showed that peace cannot last without addressing the root causes of conflict. Disputes over the Strait of Hormuz, deep mistrust, exclusion of regional actors, and vague provisions reignited tensions. Lasting peace requires inclusive diplomacy, monitoring mechanisms, and respect for international law.
technology
Digital Economy and Financial Inclusion in Emerging Markets
Digital finance is transforming emerging economies by expanding access to banking, savings, payments, and credit through mobile technology. While financial inclusion and economic growth are accelerating, challenges such as cybersecurity, digital literacy, infrastructure gaps, and inactive accounts continue to limit its full potential.
politics
Is the US–Iran Deal a Ceasefire or a Coming Collapse?
The new U.S.–Iran MoU has paused hostilities with a 60-day ceasefire, but experts warn it is only a temporary truce. Lasting peace will require strict verification, economic safeguards, military deconfliction channels, and mutual acceptance of regional realities to prevent future conflict.
general
The Unfulfilled Promises of Donald Trump’s Foreign Policy
Trump’s foreign policy was driven by TV-style big promises and quick fixes. He failed to produce lasting results in Ukraine, Gaza, and Iran because he treated diplomacy as personal pressure and announcements rather than structured, institutional negotiation processes.
general
Can Washington and Beijing Escape the Thucydides Trap?
The US-China relationship combines strategic competition with deep economic interdependence. While tensions over technology, security, and Taiwan persist, economic ties, military communication, and selective cooperation on global issues help prevent rivalry from escalating into conflict.
politics
The Beijing Summit and the Future of Global Power Politics
The Xi-Putin summit highlighted growing China-Russia cooperation against Western influence, yet the relationship is driven more by shared opposition than a common vision. Power asymmetry, economic dependence, and differing geopolitical priorities continue to raise questions about its long-term durability.
technology
How Algorithmic Manipulation Is Degrading Human Intelligence?
Social media algorithms and AI tools are weakening human attention, memory, and critical thinking. Research from 2025 shows rising short-form video addiction, cognitive decline, IQ reduction, and the spread of “cognitive debt” on a global scale.
economy
Can Europe Lead Global Trade Again?
The EU remains a major trade power with a large surplus, but exports are declining and dependence on the US is rising. Innovation is weak, SMEs are underrepresented in exports, and internal market barriers persist. Issues in raw materials, CBAM, and Global Gateway show the need for deep structural reform.
general
Will India–Pakistan’s Next War Be Driven by Water?
Rising India-Pakistan tensions after the collapse of the Indus Waters Treaty could trigger a future war over water. Climate change, dam disputes, military escalation and nuclear risks may push both nuclear powers toward a catastrophic conflict by 2028–2029.
energy
Pakistan’s Fast-Rising Solar Power Revolution
Pakistan is experiencing a rapid, people-driven shift to solar energy as households and businesses seek relief from high costs and unreliable power. Falling technology prices and massive private investment have fueled growth, while new regulations create uncertainty about future expansion.
politics
Can Islamabad 2.0 Deliver Peace?
defense
Is a New Islamic Security Alliance Coming?
Pakistan, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt have shown potential to form a regional security bloc after mediating the US-Iran crisis. While they aim to reshape the regional order through military, economic, and diplomatic cooperation, structural and political challenges make its permanence uncertain.
defense
How the U.S.-Iran War Exposes NATO’s Terminal Crisis
The U.S.-Iran war exposed deep fractures within NATO. European states refused to fully support Washington, intensifying a crisis of trust inside the alliance. U.S. pressure and Europe’s push for strategic autonomy are turning NATO into a weaker organization that exists more on paper than in practice.
politics
Meeting in Islamabad: Pakistan's Quiet Push for Peace Between the US and Iran
Pakistan is emerging as a key mediator between the United States and Iran, leveraging trust and strategic positioning to ease tensions. Through diplomacy and regional coordination, Islamabad is shaping de-escalation efforts and redefining its role in regional security and global politics.
general
The Middle East War That Has No Winner
U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran are pushing the Middle East toward disaster. Iran resists fiercely, leaving no clear winner. Gulf states suffer, and economic and humanitarian crises grow. Religion, nationalism, and geopolitical conflicts make peace nearly impossible.
general
Why the Gulf Will Not Be Israel's Proxy in a War With Iran??
In 2026, US-Israel attacks on Iran pushed the region to the brink of war. Iran’s retaliation against Gulf states escalated tensions, while Gulf countries remain cautious to avoid Israel’s divide-and-rule strategy. However, continued attacks risk triggering a wider conflict.
energy
Redrawing the Gulf: Energy New Routes Beyond Hormuz
Iran’s closure of the Strait of Hormuz threatens global energy supply and supply chains. Gulf countries must find alternative routes to export oil and gas. Without new pipelines, storage hubs, and cooperation, the risk of economic shocks and wider regional conflict could increase.
general
Why Killing Khamenei Won’t End Iran’s Islamic Regime
The Iran-US conflicts and Khamenei’s death will not topple the Islamic Republic. The system is institutional, ideological, and backed by military structures. Regional powers and international actors influence developments through diplomacy and strategy; the regime won’t collapse easily, changing slowly from within.
politics
Africa: The Center of the New Global Strategic Competition
As global power shifts toward multipolarity, competition is intensifying in Africa. While U.S. influence becomes more selective, China expands through Belt and Road and port investments, Turkey via military and hybrid outreach, Gulf states through maritime trade, and Russia through security partnerships.
energy
The Unjust Reality of Global Climate Finance
The climate crisis is no longer only environmental but economic and political. Despite the goals of the Paris Agreement, the financing gap continues to widen. While major powers compete, developing countries struggle with debt and inequality; fair finance and cooperation are essential.
politics
US–Iran Talks in Oman: Crisis management or peace Diplomacy?
Tensions between the US and Iran continue due to mutual distrust and hardline diplomacy. Iran seeks sanctions relief under economic pressure, while the US demands limits on nuclear and regional activities. Outcomes may include a limited deal, prolonged talks, or renewed crisis.
politics
How Politics Broke Britain's Economy: How to Fix It?
UK’s crisis stems from austerity, Brexit disruption, market turmoil under Truss, and weak long-term planning. Years of short-term politics hurt growth, trade, and public services. Recovery requires stable investment, smarter EU ties, tax discipline, and a long-term economic strategy.
politics
The $1bn Pledge: Can Pakistan–Kazakhstan Deliver This Time?
Despite diplomatic optimism, Pakistan’s pledge to raise trade with Kazakhstan to $1bn faces structural limits. Weak logistics, unreliable infrastructure, policy inconsistency, and poor implementation capacity mean ambitious targets risk remaining symbolic unless backed by concrete institutional reforms.
